java web验证码生成总结(包括servlet、jsp和struts2实现)(转)
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一、使用纯Servlet实现验证码
(1)在web.xml配置:
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<servlet>
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<servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
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<servlet-class>org.test.web.AuthImage</servlet-class>
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</servlet>
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<servlet-mapping>
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<servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
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<url-pattern>/authImage</url-pattern>
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</servlet-mapping>
(2)servlet源码
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public class AuthImage extends HttpServlet
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{
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private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html; charset=gb2312";
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//设置字母的大小,大小
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private Font mFont = new Font("Times New Roman", Font.PLAIN, 17);
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public void init() throws ServletException
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{
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super.init();
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}
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Color getRandColor(int fc,int bc)
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{
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Random random = new Random();
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if(fc>255) fc=255;
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if(bc>255) bc=255;
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int r=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
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int g=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
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int b=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
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return new Color(r,g,b);
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}
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public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
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{
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response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache");
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response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
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response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
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//表明生成的响应是图片
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response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
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int width=100, height=18;
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BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
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Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
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Random random = new Random();
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g.setColor(getRandColor(200,250));
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g.fillRect(1, 1, width-1, height-1);
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g.setColor(new Color(102,102,102));
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g.drawRect(0, 0, width-1, height-1);
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g.setFont(mFont);
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g.setColor(getRandColor(160,200));
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//画随机线
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for (int i=0;i<155;i++)
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{
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int x = random.nextInt(width - 1);
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int y = random.nextInt(height - 1);
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int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
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int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
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g.drawLine(x,y,x + xl,y + yl);
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}
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//从另一方向画随机线
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for (int i = 0;i < 70;i++)
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{
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int x = random.nextInt(width - 1);
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int y = random.nextInt(height - 1);
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int xl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
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int yl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
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g.drawLine(x,y,x - xl,y - yl);
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}
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//生成随机数,并将随机数字转换为字母
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String sRand="";
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for (int i=0;i<6;i++)
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{
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int itmp = random.nextInt(26) + 65;
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char ctmp = (char)itmp;
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sRand += String.valueOf(ctmp);
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g.setColor(new Color(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110)));
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g.drawString(String.valueOf(ctmp),15*i+10,16);
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}
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HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
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session.setAttribute("rand",sRand);
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g.dispose();
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ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());
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}
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public void destroy()
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{
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}
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}
(3)页面显示
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<img src= "authImage" />
二、使用纯jsp实现验证码
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<%@ page language= "java" import = "java.awt.*,java.awt.image.*,java.util.*,javax.imageio.*"
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contentType="image/jpeg" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
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<% //设置页面不缓存
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response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache");
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response.setHeader("Cahce-Control","no-cache");
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response.setDateHeader("Expires",0);
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//在内存中创建图片
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int width=60,height=20;
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BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
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//获取图形上下文
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Graphics g= image.getGraphics();
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//生成随机类
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Random random= new Random();
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//设置背景颜色
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g.setColor(new Color(160,200,100));
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g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
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//设置字体
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g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman",Font.PLAIN,18));
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//随机产生50条干扰线,使图形中的验证码不易被其他的程序探测到
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g.setColor(new Color(160,200,200));
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for(int i=0;i<50;i++)
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{
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int x=random.nextInt(width);
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int y=random.nextInt(height);
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int x1=random.nextInt(width);
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int y1=random.nextInt(height);
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g.drawLine(x,y,x+x1,y+y1);
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}
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//随机产生验证码(6位数字)
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String sRand="";
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for(int i=0;i<6;i++)
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{
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String rand=String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));
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sRand+=rand;
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//将验证码显示到图象
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g.setColor(new Color(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110)));
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g.drawString(rand,13*i+6,16);
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}
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session.setAttribute("rand",sRand); //////将产生的验证码存储到sesson中
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g.dispose();
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ImageIO.write(image,"JPEG",response.getOutputStream());
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out.clear(); //***********
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out=pageContext.pushBody();//**********
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%>
三、使用Struts2来实现验证码
(1)定义一个生成验证码的工具类
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package com.cn.hospital.util;
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import java.awt.Color;
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import java.awt.Font;
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import java.awt.Graphics;
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import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
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import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
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import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
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import java.util.Random;
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import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
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import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;
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public class RandomNumUtil {
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private ByteArrayInputStream image;//图像
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private String str;//验证码
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private RandomNumUtil(){
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init();//初始化属性
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}
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/*
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* 取得RandomNumUtil实例
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*/
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public static RandomNumUtil Instance(){
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return new RandomNumUtil();
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}
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/*
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* 取得验证码图片
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*/
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public ByteArrayInputStream getImage(){
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return this.image;
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}
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/*
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* 取得图片的验证码
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*/
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public String getString(){
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return this.str;
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}
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private void init() {
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// 在内存中创建图象
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int width=85, height=20;
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BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
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// 获取图形上下文
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Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
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// 生成随机类
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Random random = new Random();
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// 设定背景色
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g.setColor(getRandColor(200,250));
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g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
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// 设定字体
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g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman",Font.PLAIN,18));
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// 随机产生155条干扰线,使图象中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
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g.setColor(getRandColor(160,200));
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for (int i=0;i<155;i++)
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{
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int x = random.nextInt(width);
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int y = random.nextInt(height);
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int xl = random.nextInt(12);
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int yl = random.nextInt(12);
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g.drawLine(x,y,x+xl,y+yl);
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}
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// 取随机产生的认证码(6位数字)
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String sRand="";
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for (int i=0;i<6;i++){
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String rand=String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));
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sRand+=rand;
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// 将认证码显示到图象中
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g.setColor(new Color(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110)));
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// 调用函数出来的颜色相同,可能是因为种子太接近,所以只能直接生成
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g.drawString(rand,13*i+6,16);
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}
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//赋值验证码
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this.str=sRand;
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//图象生效
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g.dispose();
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ByteArrayInputStream input=null;
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ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
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try{
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ImageOutputStream imageOut = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(output);
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ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", imageOut);
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imageOut.close();
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input = new ByteArrayInputStream(output.toByteArray());
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}catch(Exception e){
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System.out.println("验证码图片产生出现错误:"+e.toString());
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}
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this.image=input;/* 赋值图像 */
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}
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/*
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* 给定范围获得随机颜色
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*/
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private Color getRandColor(int fc,int bc){
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Random random = new Random();
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if(fc>255) fc=255;
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if(bc>255) bc=255;
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int r=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
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int g=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
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int b=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
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return new Color(r,g,b);
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}
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}
(2)定义一个验证码输出的action
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package com.cn.hospital.action;
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import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
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import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
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import com.cn.hospital.util.RandomCharUtil;
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import com.cn.hospital.util.RandomNumUtil;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
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@Controller ( "utilAction" )
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@Scope ( "prototype" )
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public class UtilAction extends ActionSupport{
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private static final long serialVersionUID = -7193209177116825032L;
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private ByteArrayInputStream inputStream;
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private int width;
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private int height;
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private int fontSize;
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private int codeLength;
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private int disturbType;
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public String validNumGenerate() throws Exception{
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RandomNumUtil rdnu=RandomNumUtil.Instance();
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this.setInputStream(rdnu.getImage());//取得带有随机字符串的图片
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ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("random", rdnu.getString());//取得随机字符串放入HttpSession
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return SUCCESS;
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}
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public void setInputStream(ByteArrayInputStream inputStream) {
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this.inputStream = inputStream;
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}
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public ByteArrayInputStream getInputStream() {
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return inputStream;
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}
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}
(3)struts.xml配置
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<!-- 产生随机验证码 -->
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<action name="randNum" class="utilAction" method="validNumGenerate">
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<result name="success" type="stream">
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<param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param>
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<param name="inputName">inputStream</param>
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</result>
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</action>
四、小结
对于java的web技术,归根究底还是在服务器端执行的servlet.从上面的三种不同实现中,我们很容易察觉到他们存在一个共同点,那就是返回浏览器端的contentType。
servlet:使用response.setContentType(" ");方法来实现
jsp:在<@ page contentType=" ">中来实现
struts2:通过配置<param name="contentType"> </param>来实现
至于验证码的产生其实比较简单,在这里就不深究了。就此一点小感想,与同行共勉。
原文:http://my.oschina.net/u/270597/blog/289226
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